Laser disk

What best DVD-R or DVD+R?

The DVD-R format was developed by Pioneer in 1997 vc DVD+R in 2002 by Sony.

DVD+R format was not an official DVD format until January 25, 2008.

DVD-R(W) and DVD+R(W) format are incompatible.

DVD-R(W) use amplitude modulation, DVD+R(W) use phase modulation, so more reliable.

On multi-session DVD-R(W) disk any session take up to 96 MB in time on DVD+R(W) every session take exactly 2 MB.

DVD+R(W) win!

See

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD-R
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD%2BR

What capacity of DVD?

Vendor

** Verbatim.

Archival Grade CD & DVD - for store critical data.

• http://www.verbatim.ru
• http://www.verbatim.com/optical/archival/

** TDK.

• http://www.tdk-media.com

** Intenso.

• http://www.intenso.de
• Lifetime.

What is the life expectancy of a CD-R?

Approximately 100 years under proper storage conditions (from TDK support).

• http://www.cd-info.com/archiving/

How many times can I rewrite to a CD-RW?

A CD-RW disc can be erased and rewritten up to a 1,000 times. Reliability and performance will not decrease, even as the number of rewrites increase.

Make an ISO image

$ dd if=/dev/dvd of=dvd.iso  # for dvd
$ dd if=/dev/cdrom of=cd.iso # for cdrom
$ dd if=/dev/scd0 of=cd.iso  # if cdrom is scsi

$ mkisofs -o /tmp/cd.iso /tmp/directory/ # from file hierarchy

Burning tools

** cdrtools.

In 2006 build system of cdrtools changed and have CDDL, which incomputable with GPL.

See

• http://cdrecord.berlios.de/private/cdrecord.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cdrecord

** cdrkit.

Fully GPL alternative for cdrtools. Includes:

• wodim (an acronym for write optical disk media), which was forked from the cdrecord program in cdrtools.
• icedax (an acronym for incredible digital audio extractor), which was forked from the cdda2wav program in cdrtools.
• genisoimage (short for generate ISO image), which was forked from the mkisofs program in cdrtools.

See

• http://www.cdrkit.org/
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cdrkit

Installing under Debian:

$ sudo apt-get install wodim genisoimage

Cygwin (cdrecord is symlink to wodim, mkisofs is symlink to genisoimage, cdrkit contain only READMY):

$ setup.exe -p cdrkit,wodim,genisoimage

Make iso image:

$ genisoimage -A "<info>" -gui -J -R -o <img-file> <dir1> <dir2> ...

<info> is up to 128 bytes. -J adds Joliet directory records wich useful on Windows. -R adds the Rock Ridge protocol.

To test your image mount it (on Linux):

$ sudo mount -t iso9660 -o loop,ro <img-file> <mnt-point>

Burn iso image

$ sudo apt-get install cdrskin

MDF to ISO

$ sudo apt-get install mdf2iso
$ mdf2iso $IN.mdf

NRG to ISO

$ sudo apt-get install nrg2iso
$ nrg2iso  $IN.nrg $OUT.iso