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It favours quick-and-simple (but potentially extensible) designs over elaborate systems designed by committees.
Once the quick-and-simple design is deployed, it can then evolve as needed, driven by user requirements.
This kind of design is not appropriate in systems where it is not possible to evolve the system over time, or where the full functionality is required from the start.
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There is no single development, in either technology or management technique, which by itself promises even one order of magnitude improvement within a decade in productivity, in reliability, in simplicity.
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A rule of thumb is a principle that postulate in some case use simple procedure wich produce approximate result instead use complex but exact produce.
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The Zero One or Infinity (ZOI) rule is a rule of thumb in software design. It suggests that arbitrary limits on the number of instances of a particular entity should not be allowed. Specifically, that an entity should either be forbidden entirely, one should be allowed, or any number (presumably, to the limit of available storage) of them should be allowed. It should not be the software that puts a hard limit on the number of instances of the entity.
This rule postulate that roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes.
This rule applied to optimisation (most time spent by program only by little piece of code), functionality (80% of users use only 20% of program functionality); bugs (fixing the top 20% of most reported bugs solve 80% of the error and crashes).
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The 1% rule states that the number of people who create content on the internet represents approximately 1% (or less) of the people actually viewing that content.
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Work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion.
Data expands to fill the space available for storage.
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The first 90% of the code accounts for the first 10% of the development time. The remaining 10% of the code accounts for the other 90% of the development time.
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Student syndrome refers to the phenomenon that many people will start to fully apply themselves to a task just at the last possible moment before a deadline.
The student syndrome is a form of procrastination ().
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...organizations which design systems ... are constrained to produce designs which are copies of the communication structures of these organizations.
Example: Consider a two-person team of software engineers, A and B. Say A designs and codes a software class X. Later, the team discovers that class X needs some new features. If A adds the features, A is likely to simply expand X to include the new features. If B adds the new features, B may be afraid of breaking X, and so instead will create a new derived class X2 that inherits X's features, and puts the new features in X2. So the final design is a reflection of who implemented the functionality.
A real life example: NASA's Mars Climate Orbiter crashed because one team used United States customary units (e.g., inches, feet and pounds) while the other used metric units for a key spacecraft operation.
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It takes some time for the people added to a project to become productive.
Communication overheads increase as the number of people increases.
Adding manpower to a late software project makes it later.
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Code bloat is the production of code that is perceived as unnecessarily long, slow, or otherwise wasteful of resources. Code bloat generally refers to source code size but sometimes is used to refer to the generated code size or even the binary file size.
Software bloat is a term used to describe the tendency of newer computer programs to have a larger installation footprint, or have many unnecessary features that are not used by end users, or just generally use more system resources than necessary, while offering little or no benefit to its users.
Comparison of Microsoft Windows minimum hardware requirements (for 32-bit versions):
Windows version Processor Memory Hard disk Windows 95[4] 25 MHz 4 MB ~50 MB Windows 98[5] 66 MHz 16 MB ~200 MB Windows 2000[6] 133 MHz 32 MB 650 MB Windows XP[7] 233 MHz 64 MB 1.5 GB Windows Vista[8] 800 MHz 512 MB 15 GB Windows 7[9] 1 GHz 1 GB 16 GB
Every program attempts to expand until it can read mail. Those programs which cannot so expand are replaced by ones which can.
—Jamie Zawinski
In computing, the second-system effect or sometimes the second-system syndrome refers to the tendency, when following on from a relatively small, elegant, and successful system, to design the successor as an elephantine, feature-laden monstrosity. The term was first used by Fred Brooks in his classic The Mythical Man-Month.[1] It described the jump from a set of simple operating systems on the IBM 700/7000 series to OS/360 on the 360 series.
The inner-platform effect is the tendency of software architects to create a system so customizable as to become a replica, and often a poor replica, of the software development platform they are using.
XXX read more http://thedailywtf.com/Articles/The_Inner-Platform_Effect.aspx
Feature creep is the proliferation of features in a product such as computer software. Extra features go beyond the basic function of the product and so can result in baroque over-complication, or "featuritis", rather than simple, elegant design.
Bullet-point engineering is a software design anti-pattern where developers use the features of competing software packages as checklists of features to implement in their own product. These features are often implemented poorly and haphazardly, without any real design, merely so they can be added to a bulleted list of features in marketing material. Bullet point engineering often leads to feature creep and software bloat but may also simply result in a poorly designed imitative product.
Keep it simple and stupid, or keep it simple, stupid!
Instruction creep and function creep, two instances of creeping featuritis, are examples of failure to follow the KISS principle in software development.
In computing, minimalism refers to the application of minimalist philosophies and principles in hardware and software design and usage.
"Do one thing and do it well."
—Doug McIlroy
"Write programs that do one thing and do it well. Write programs to work together. Write programs to handle text streams, because that is a universal interface."
—Doug McIlroy
- You cannot tell where a program is going to spend its time. Bottlenecks occur in surprising places, so do not try to second guess and put in a speed hack until you've proven that's where the bottleneck is.
- Measure. Do not tune for speed until your performance analysis tool tells you which part of the code overwhelms the rest.
- Fancy algorithms tend to run more slowly on small data sets than simple algorithms. They tend to have a large constant factor in O(n) analysis, and n is usually small. So don't get fancy unless Rule 2 indicates that n is big enough.
- Simplify your algorithms and data structures wherever it makes sense because fancy algorithms are more difficult to implement without defects. The data structures in most programs can be built from array lists, linked lists, hash tables, and binary trees.
- Data dominates. If you have chosen the right data structures and organized things well, the algorithms will almost always be self-evident. Data structures, not algorithms, are central to programming.
—Pike: Notes on Programming in C.
- Small is beautiful.
- Make each program do one thing well.
- Build a prototype as soon as possible.
- Choose portability over efficiency.
- Store data in flat text files.
- Use software leverage to your advantage.
- Use shell scripts to increase leverage and portability.
- Avoid captive user interfaces.
- Make every program a filter.
—Mike Gancarz: The UNIX Philosophy
With this not all agree:
In the "Worse is better" design style, simplicity of both the interface and the implementation is more important than any other attribute of the system — including correctness, consistency and completeness.
The MIT approach (known as "The right thing"):
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"You aren't gonna need it" (or YAGNI for short) is the principle in extreme programming that programmers should not add functionality until it is necessary.
Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) or Duplication is Evil (DIE).
Do it yourself (or DIY) is a term used to describe building, modifying, or repairing of something without the aid of experts or professionals.
when tasklist longer then people life mutch easy use already written libraries then wrote own.
The capital letters in MoSCoW stand for:
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In computer science, separation of concerns (SoC) is the process of separating a computer program into distinct features that overlap in functionality as little as possible. A concern is any piece of interest or focus in a program. Typically, concerns are synonymous with features or behaviors. Progress towards SoC is traditionally achieved through modularity of programming and encapsulation (or "transparency" of operation), with the help of information hiding. Layered designs in information systems are also often based on separation of concerns (e.g., presentation layer, business logic layer, data access layer, database layer).
HyperText Markup Language (HTML) and cascading style sheets (CSS) are languages intended to separate style from content.
In systems engineering, modular design — or "modularity in design" — is an approach that subdivides a system into smaller parts (modules) that can be independently created and then used in different systems to drive multiple functionalities.
"entia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitatem"
Entities must not be multiplied beyond necessity.
Programmers immediately begin producing code. Bugs must be fixed before the product can be shipped.
Cowboy coding is a term used to describe software development where the developers have autonomy over the development process. This includes control of the project's schedule, algorithms, tools, and coding style.
A cowboy coder can be a lone developer or part of a group of developers with either no external management or management that controls only non-development aspects of the project, such as its nature, scope, and feature set (the "what", but not the "how").
In computer programming, the Hollywood Principle is stated as "don't call us, we'll call you." It has applications in software engineering; see also implicit invocation for a related architectural principle.
Inversion of control, or IoC, is an abstract principle describing an aspect of some software architecture designs in which the flow of control of a system is inverted in comparison to procedural programming.
Quick-and-dirty is a term used in reference to anything that is an easy way to implement a workaround or "kludge." Its usage is popular among programmers, who use it to describe a crude solution or programming implementation that is imperfect, inelegant, or otherwise inadequate, but which solves or masks the problem at hand, and is generally faster and easier to put in place than a proper solution.
Release early, release often (sometimes abbreviated RERO) is a software development philosophy that emphasizes the importance of early and frequent releases in creating a tight feedback loop between developers and testers or users.
Test-driven development (TDD) is a software development technique that relies on the repetition of a very short development cycle: First the developer writes a failing automated test case that defines a desired improvement or new function, then produces code to pass that test and finally refactors the new code to acceptable standards.
The Unified Software Development Process or Unified Process is a popular iterative and incremental software development process framework. The best-known and extensively documented refinement of the Unified Process is the Rational Unified Process (RUP).